羊肚菌外置营养包栽培技术对于羊肚菌生长乃至其产业高质量发展至关重要，通过比较筛选不同营养包基质配方对羊肚菌生长及经济效益的影响，明晰营养包基质科学配方比例，为甘南冷温半湿润区羊肚菌科学人工栽培提供技术支持。结果表明，当营养包基料配方质量比为农作物秸秆47.0%、牲畜粪便40.0%、麸皮10.0%、葡萄糖2.0%、磷酸二氢钾0.5%、硫酸镁0.5%时，较对照市售基料配方(质量比为麦粒70.5%，碎木屑15.0%，麸皮10.0%，磷酸二氢钾2.0%，石灰2.5%)显著增产5.63%；产值、净收益最高，分别为332 145.5、 182 143.5元/hm2，较对照市售基料配方均增加17 706.0元/hm2。且生产验证试验中，该基料配方的羊肚菌折合产量为2 586.00 kg/hm2，较对照市售基料配方显著增产6.85%；产值、净收益分别为336 180.0、 186 180.0元/hm2，较对照市售基料配方均增加21 547.50元/hm2。由此可见，甘南冷温半湿润区塑料大棚生产羊肚菌的最佳外置营养包基料配方质量比为农作物秸秆47.0%、牲畜粪便40.0%、麸皮10.0%、葡萄糖2.0%、磷酸二氢钾0.5%、硫酸镁0.5%。

The external nutritional bag cultivation technology is crucial for the growth of Morchella esculenta and the high-quality development of its industry. By comparing and screening different substrate formulations for nutritional bags and evaluating their effects on the growth and economic benefits of M. esculenta, this study clarifies the scientific ratio of substrate components and provides technical support for artificial cultivation in the cold temperate semi-humid region of Gannan. Results showed that when the substrate formulation consisted of 47.0% crop straw, 40.0% livestock manure, 10.0% wheat bran, 2.0% glucose, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5% magnesium sulfate, production increased significantly by 5.63% compared with the commercial control substrate (70.5% wheat grain, 15.0% crushed sawdust, 10.0% wheat bran, 2.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 2.5% lime). This formulation also achieved the highest output value and net income, which were 332 145.5 and 182 143.5 Yuan/ha, respectively, increasing by 17 706.0 Yuan/ha compared with the control. In the production validation trial, the average equivalent yield of M. esculenta using this substrate formulation reached 2 586.00 kg/ha, which was a 6.85% increase over the control. The output value and net income were 336 180.0 and 186 180.0 Yuan/ha, respectively, increasing by 21 547.50 Yuan/ha compared with the control. Therefore, the optimal substrate formulation for external nutritional bags for M. esculenta production in plastic greenhouses in the cold temperate semi-humid region of Gannan consists of 47.0% crop straw, 40.0% livestock manure, 10.0% wheat bran, 2.0% glucose, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5% magnesium sulfate.

S646.9

甘肃省科技厅民生科技专项(20CX9NA089)；甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目(2023GAAS07)；甘肃省科技厅乡村振兴专项(23CXNA0010)。