为筛选出适宜引黄灌区种植且综合性状优良的春甘蓝品种，提高引黄灌区蔬菜产业整体效益，引黄灌区甘蓝产业发展和育种工作的开展打下了良好的基础。以引进的10个春甘蓝品种为材料，对其株高、开展度、外叶长、外叶宽、外叶数、外叶层数、外叶重、叶球横径、叶球纵径、中心柱长、中心柱宽、单球重及生育期等13个农艺性状进行变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析，对产量进行差异性分析。结果表明，各农艺性状中以外叶重变异系数最大，为18.38%；中心柱宽变异系数最小，为4.09%。株高与中心柱长、外叶宽与外叶重、叶球纵径与外叶重呈显著正相关，叶球横径与外叶宽、外叶重、叶球纵径呈极显著正相关。主成分分析将13个农艺性状归为4个主成分，即球形因子、单株产量因子、株高因子、中心柱因子，它们对综合表现的方差累计贡献率达到85.44%。聚类分析将10个品种分为3组，即生育期较长的高产群体、中心柱较长的中产群体和性状整体适中的中产群体。通过综合评分和产量差异分析，筛选出天甘佳美、银甘1号、捷甘188的综合性状表现突出，折合产量分别为132 681.22、125 667.30、115 454.28 kg/hm2，较对照品种中甘21分别增产8.80%、3.04%、-5.33%，可作为适宜引黄灌区栽培的春甘蓝品种进行推广。

To select spring cabbage varieties suitable for cultivation in the Yellow River-irrigated areas with superior overall agronomic performance, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the local vegetable industry and establishing a solid foundation for the development and breeding of cabbage in this region, 10 introduced spring cabbage varieties were used as experimental materials. 13 agronomic traits, including plant height, plant spread, outer leaf length, outer leaf width, number of outer leaves, number of outer leaf layers, outer leaf weight, leaf ball transverse diameter, leaf ball longitudinal diameter, central column length, central column width, single leaf ball weight, and growth period, were subjected to variation analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, and yield differences were evaluated. Results showed that the coefficient of variation for outer leaf weight was the highest, at 18.38%, while the coefficient of variation for central column width was the lowest, at 4.09%. Significant positive correlation was detected between plant height and central column length, outer leaf width and outer leaf weight, and leaf ball longitudinal diameter and outer leaf weight, and a highly significant positive correlation between leaf ball transverse diameter and outer leaf width, outer leaf weight, and leaf ball longitudinal diameter, respectively. Principal component analysis classified 13 agronomic traits into 4 principal components, namely spherical factor, single plant yield factor, plant height factor, and central column factor, which contributed 85.44% to the cumulative variance of the comprehensive performance. Phenotypic clustering analysis divided 10 varieties into 3 groups: high-yield population with longer growth period, medium-yield population with longer central column, and medium-yield population with moderate overall traits. Through comprehensive scoring and yield variance analysis, Tianganjiamei, Yingan 1, and Jiegan 188 were selected as spring cabbage varieties with outstanding comprehensive traits, with yields of 132 681.22 kg/ha, 125 667.30 kg/ha, and 115 454.28 kg/ha, respectively, representing yield increases of 8.80%, 3.04%, and -5.33% over the control variety Zhonggan 21, respectively. These varieties can be recommended for cultivation as suitable spring cabbage varieties for the Yellow River-irrigated areas.

S635

白银市科技计划项目(2024-2-1N)。