通过探究干旱条件下透明质酸(HA)对苹果果实品质及产量的影响，为干旱条件下提高苹果品质及产量提供理论依据。以18年生富士苹果为试验材料，设置了5个不同浓度(0、10.0、12.5、20.0、30.0 μmol/L)HA处理，于幼果期、果实膨大期和转色期在根部追施，通过测定品质指标来综合分析透明质酸在提高苹果品质中的作用。结果表明，随着HA施用浓度的增加，单果重、果实硬度、果实有机酸含量、单株产量、折合产量和产值均呈先升后降趋势且差异较大。30.0 μmol/L HA处理苹果含糖量、可溶性固形物含量和维生素C含量均较大。相关性分析表明，单株产量与含糖量、维生素C含量及果实有机酸含量呈负相关，与单果重、可溶性固形物含量呈显著正相关性，与果实硬度、产值、折合产量呈极显著正相关性。主成分分析显示，提取特征值大于1的2个主成分，第1、2主成分的特征值分别为6.253、2.077，方差贡献率分别为69.474%、23.073%，累计方差贡献率分别达69.474%、92.547%，符合分析要求。综合排名得出，不同浓度的HA对苹果品质及产量的提高能力依次为HA浓度30.0、20.0、12.5、10.0、0 μmol/L。因此，30.0 μmol/L透明质酸对提高干旱条件下苹果的品质与产量的效果最佳。

This study investigates the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on apple fruit quality and yield under drought conditions, aiming to provide theoretical support for improving apple quality and yield in arid regions. 18-year-old Fuji apple trees were used as experimental materials, and 5 HA concentrations (0, 10.0, 12.5, 20.0, 30.0 μmol/L) were applied to the root zones during the young fruit, fruit expansion, and color change stages. Quality parameters were measured to comprehensively assess the effect of HA on apple quality enhancement. Results showed that with increasing HA concentration, single fruit weight, fruit firmness, organic acid content, yield per plant, average yield, and economic output initially increased and then decreased, with significant differences among treatments. The 30.0 μmol/L HA treatment resulted in the highest contents of sugar, soluble solids, and vitamin C. Correlation analysis indicated that yield per plant was negatively correlated with sugar content, vitamin C, and organic acid contents, but positively correlated with single fruit weight and soluble solids content. It showed a highly significant positive correlation with fruit firmness, economic output, and average yield. Principal component analysis extracted two principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1. The eigenvalues of the first and second components were 6.253 and 2.077, explaining 69.474% and 23.073% of the variance, respectively, with a cumulative variance contribution of 69.474% and 92.547%, respectively, meeting the analysis criteria. Comprehensive ranking showed that the ability of different HA concentrations to improve apple quality and yield followed the order: 30.0, 20.0, 12.5, 10.0, and 0 μmol/L. Therefore, 30.0 μmol/L HA was the most effective in improving apple quality and yield under drought conditions.

S661.1

甘肃省科技计划项目(区域协同创新发展专项)(25CXQE001)。