[关键词]
[摘要]
充分挖掘甘肃小麦增产潜力,促进单产提升,为冬小麦新品种兰大211在甘肃省的大面积推广提供依据。以高产优质高抗冬小麦新品种兰大211为试材,在清水县、古浪县、庄浪县3个试点对不同栽培模式下小麦生育动态、水分利用效率、主要性状、产量及经济效益等进行了研究。结果表明,宽幅匀播方式可明显促进兰大211小麦分蘖,显著增加冬前、返青期及拔节期茎数,提高水分利用效率,促进有效分蘖,提高单位面积结穗数、产量及纯收益。与常规条播相比,清水县、古浪县、庄浪县试点水分利用效率分别提高12.71%、12.52%、11.88%,小麦有效分蘖率分别增加0.47、1.16、1.06个百分点,小麦成穗数分别增加18.45万、17.55万、13.77万穗/hm2,折合产量分别增加10.10%、10.04%、9.19%,纯收益分别增加1 558.44、1 475.33、1 527.26元/hm2。兰大211配套宽幅匀播技术的大面积示范推广应用,可为甘肃冬小麦均衡增产、效益提升及农民增收奠定良好基础。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
To fully achieve the yield potential of wheat in Gansu and improve per-unit yield so as to provide reference for the large-scale promotion of the new winter wheat variety Landa 211 in the province, this study used the high-yielding, high-quality, and disease-resistant Landa 211 as test material and experiment was conducted in 3 sites, i.e., Qingshui, Gulang, and Zhuanglang Counties, to evaluate growth dynamics, water use efficiency, major trait, yield, and economic benefit under different cultivation patterns. The results showed that the wide-spaced uniform sowing method significantly promoted tillering of Landa 211, increased stem numbers before winter, during regreening and jointing stages(P < 0.05), and improved water use efficiency and productive tillers, resulting in more spikes per unit area, higher yield, and greater net income. Compared with conventional row sowing, water use efficiency at the Qingshui, Gulang, and Zhuanglang sites increased by 12.71%, 12.52%, and 11.88%, respectively, productive tillering rate increased by 0.47, 1.16, and 1.06 percentage points, spike number increased by 184 500, 175 500, and 137 700 spikes/ha, yield increased by 10.10%, 10.04%, and 9.19%, and net income increased by 1 558.44, 1 475.33 and 1 527.26 Yuan/ha, respectively. The large-scale demonstration and application of Landa 211 with supporting wide-spaced uniform sowing technology can provide a solid foundation for stable yield increase, efficiency improvement, and farmer income growth in winter wheat production in Gansu.
[中图分类号]
S512.1
[基金项目]
甘肃省农业农村厅农业科技项目(GNKJ-2020-21)。