为探索优化栽培施肥模式对陇中旱作区板蓝根产量、品质及经济效益的影响，采用“3414”试验设计，选择氮、磷、钾三要素为主效因子，得到板蓝根优化施肥模式。结果表明，施肥模式对板蓝根主要农艺性状、产量、内在质量及经济效益均有显著影响，限制板蓝根产量和经济效益的主要养分因子表现为N＞P＞K，其中以施N 217.08 kg/hm2、P2O5 119.87 kg/hm2、K2O 57.27 kg/hm2处理的折合产量最高，为10 765.41 kg/hm2，较空白处理(不施肥)增产55.3%；经济效益也最好，产值达43 061.64元/hm2，较空白处理增加纯收入13 513.51元/hm2。在优化施肥条件下，板蓝根(R，S)-告依春含量基本均优于《中华人民共和国药典》规定的标准。利用三元二次二次方程预测出的最大施肥量为N 323.39 kg/hm2，P2O5 115.77 kg/hm2、K2O 77.71 kg/hm2，该水平下板蓝根产量最高，为10 765.82 kg/hm2；最佳施肥量为N 239.96 kg/hm2、P2O5 78.43 kg/hm2、K2O 44.58 kg/hm2，该水平下板蓝根产量为10 388.07 kg/hm2。推荐陇中旱作区板蓝根优化栽培的最佳施肥模式为施N 239.96 kg/hm2、P2O5 78.43 kg/hm2、K2O 44.58 kg/hm2，可用来指导陇中旱作区板蓝根规范化生产实践。

In order to explore the effects of optimized cultivation and fertilization models on the yield, quality, and economic benefits of Radix Isatidis in the dryland area of central Gansu, the '3414' experimental design was adopted, with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium as main effective factors to establish an optimal fertilization scheme. Results showed that fertilization models significantly affected key agronomic characters, yield, internal quality, and economic benefit. The limiting nutrient factors for yield and economic return followed the order N > P > K. Among all treatments, the highest average yield (10 765.41 kg/ha) was obtained with application rates of N 217.08 kg/ha, P2O5 119.87 kg/ha, and K2O 57.27 kg/ha-an increase of 55.3% compared to the control (no fertilizer). The same treatment also achieved the highest economic return, with a value output of 43 061.64 Yuan/ha and net income increase of 13 513.51 Yuan/ha compared to the control. Under optimized fertilization, the(R, S)-goitrin content of Radix Isatidis generally met or exceeded the standards of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. A ternary quadratic equation predicted that the maximum fertilization rate for highest yield(10 765.82 kg/ha) would be N 323.39 kg/ha, P2O5 115.77 kg/ha, and K2O 77.71 kg/ha. The optimal fertilization rate was N 239.96 kg/ha, P2O5 78.43 kg/ha, and K2O 44.58 kg/ha, yielding 10 388.07 kg/ha. It is recommended that this optimal fertilization model be adopted for standardized production of Radix Isatidis in central Gansu's dryland region.

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甘肃省科技计划项目(自然科学基金)(22JR5RJ1022)；定西市科技计划项目重点技术攻关专项(DX2022BZ80、DX2022BZ20)。