系统比较超临界CO₂萃取与传统溶剂萃取对苹果籽油质量的关键理化指标的影响，为选择合适的萃取工艺和开发高品质苹果籽油提供科学依据。以红富士苹果籽为原料，通过单因素试验及正交试验优化了超临界CO₂萃取工艺条件，分别采用超临界CO₂萃取和石油醚萃取提取苹果籽油，并对其理化指标和脂肪酸组成进行系统比较。结果表明，超临界CO₂萃取最佳工艺条件为萃取压力30 MPa、萃取温度55 ℃、萃取时间2.0 h、CO₂流量25 L/h，苹果籽油得率达23.72%。理化指标分析结果显示，与传统溶剂萃取相比，超临界CO₂萃取的苹果籽油具有较低的过氧化值(0.70 g/kg)和较高的皂化值(189 mg/g)，表明其具有更好的稳定性和较高的长链脂肪酸含量。脂肪酸分析结果表明，2种萃取方法所得苹果籽油的脂肪酸组成相似，均以不饱和脂肪酸为主，主要包括亚油酸(51.973%~52.050%)和油酸(36.206%~36.293%)。综上所述，超临界CO₂萃取法在提升苹果籽油品质方面具有一定优势，适用于生产高品质苹果籽油产品。

To systematically compare the effects of supercritical CO₂ extraction and traditional solvent extraction on key physicochemical indicators of apple seed oil quality, in this study, red Fuji apple seeds were used as raw materials, and apple seed oil was extracted using two methods: supercritical CO₂ extraction and petroleum ether extraction, aiming to provide scientific evidence for selecting appropriate extraction technologies and developing high-quality apple seed oil. The physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition of the extracted oils were systematically compared. The supercritical CO₂ extraction process conditions were optimized through single-factor and orthogonal experiments. Results showed that extraction pressure, temperature, and extraction time had significant effects on the oil yield. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: extraction pressure of 30 MPa, extraction temperature of 55 ℃, extraction time of 2.0 hours, and CO₂ flow rate of 25 L/h. Under these conditions, the maximum oil yield reached 23.72%. Analysis of physicochemical properties revealed that the apple seed oil extracted via supercritical CO₂ exhibited a lower peroxide value(0.70 g/kg) and a higher saponification value(189 mg/g), indicating better oxidative stability and a higher content of long-chain fatty acids. Fatty acid analysis showed that the fatty acid composition of apple seed oil extracted by the two methods was similar, with unsaturated fatty acids being the major components. Linoleic acid(51.973% to 52.050%) and oleic acid(36.206% to 36.293%) were the primary fatty acids. In conclusion, supercritical CO₂ extraction demonstrated certain advantages in improving the quality of apple seed oil and is suitable for producing high-quality apple seed oil products.

TS225.1

甘肃省农业农村厅科技项目(GNKJ-2024-42)；国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-27-2025)。