为丰富陇东地区苹果主产区静宁县的苹果栽培品种结构组成，于2016 — 2021年对历年引进的8个表现较好的苹果新品种华硕、华瑞、华星、岳艳、瑞阳、瑞雪、秦脆、秦蜜等进行了植物学特征、生物学特性及生态适应性调查。结果表明，在进入盛果期后，中早熟品种华硕、中晚熟品种秦脆和秦蜜、晚熟品种瑞雪表现出较好的早果丰产性，6年生树秦脆折合产量最高，为30 378 kg/hm2，瑞雪、秦蜜、华硕折合产量较高，分别为28 386、27 888、27 888 kg/hm2。华硕作为中早熟品种，具有果个大，色泽艳丽、风味浓郁，硬度大，结果早，丰产性强、货架期长，贮藏性好、较抗苹果黑星病强的优点，适宜作为静宁县品种结构调整中的中早熟品种优先发展。秦脆、秦蜜作为中晚熟品种具有果肉松脆、味甜多汁、易成花、早果丰产、易管理、无落果、耐贮藏的特点，可作为获得较高经济价效益的品种重点发展。瑞雪为晚熟品种，为果形高桩、硬脆多汁、香甜味浓、丰产耐贮的黄绿色新型品种，可作为陇东旱塬富士苹果产区大量推广种植的更新换代品种。建议在陇东旱塬富士苹果产区对中早熟品种华硕、中晚熟品种秦脆和秦蜜、晚熟品种瑞雪加以推广种植。

To diversify the variety composition in the main apple-producing area of Jingning County in eastern Gansu, a study was conducted from 2016 to 2021 to evaluate eight newly introduced apple varieties, i.e., Huashuo, Huarui, Huaxing, Yueyan, Ruiyang, Ruixue, Qincui, and Qinmi, based on their botanical characteristics, biological traits, and ecological adaptability. Results showed that after full fruiting stage, the mid-early ripening variety Huashuo, mid-late ripening variety Qincui and Qinmi, and the late ripening variety Ruixue exhibited favorable early bearing and high-yield performance. Among 6-year-old trees, Qincui had the highest yield, reaching 30 378 kg/ha, followed by Ruixue, Qinmi, and Huashuo with yields of 28 386, 27 888 and 27 888 kg/ha, respectively. As a mid-early ripening variety, Huashuo features large fruit size, vibrant color, rich flavor, high firmness, early bearing, strong yield potential, long shelf life, good storage properties, and resistance to apple scab, making it suitable for prioritized development in variety structure adjustment. Qincui and Qinmi, as mid-late ripening varieties, have crisp and juicy flesh, sweet and juicy flavor, easy flowering, early bearing, high yield, ease of management, no fruit drop, and strong storage capabilities, making them ideal candidates for economic development. Ruixue, a late ripening variety, is a new yellow-green-skin variety with upright fruit shape, firm and juicy texture, rich aroma and flavor, and strong yield and good storage ability, suitable for large-scale replacement planting in the Fuji apple producing areas of Longdong dry plateau. It is recommended to promote the planting of Huashuo (mid-early), Qincui and Qinmi (mid-late), and Ruixue (late) in Longdong dry plateau region.

S661.1

甘肃省科技特派团专项(23CXNA0038)；甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划(2022GAAS28)；国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1602106)；国家苹果产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-27)。