明确间种豆科绿肥种植方式下葡萄园昆虫的多样性，为葡萄园害虫生态调控技术研究提供科学依据。采用马来氏网收集和人工分类鉴定法研究了间种毛叶苕子对鲜食葡萄园昆虫多样性的影响。结果表明，在间种毛叶苕子种植方式下共捕获害虫11 386只，隶属于6目41科，其中双翅目眼蕈蚊科、蚤蝇科、花蝇科昆虫为优势害虫，占比分别为32.72%、20.97%、16.85%；共捕获天敌7 731只，隶属于5目25科，其中双翅目长足虻科、食蚜蝇科昆虫为优势天敌，占比分别为35.95%、24.74%。对照自然清耕种植方式下共捕获害虫27 930只，隶属于6目44科，其中双翅目眼蕈蚊科、蚤蝇科、花蝇科为优势害虫，占比分别为48.67%、14.33%、11.00%；共捕获天敌4 077只，隶属于5目24科，其中双翅目长足虻科、食蚜蝇科和膜翅目姬蜂科为优势天敌，占比分别为39.98%、15.11%、15.08%。间种毛叶苕子种植方式的天敌数量较对照自然清耕增加了89.62%，害虫数量则较对照自然清耕降低了59.23%。对昆虫的多样性分析结果表明，间种毛叶苕子种植方式下昆虫的多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J')、优势度指数(C)均显著高于对照自然清耕，天敌的多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J')也显著高于对照自然清耕。说明间种毛叶苕子有利于增加鲜食葡萄园天敌多样性和增强果园的生态系统自然服务功能。

This study aimed to clarify the insect diversity under interplanted leguminous green manure in vineyards, providing a scientific basis for ecological pest control techniques. Using Malay net collection and artificial identification, the effect of interplanting hairy vetch on insect diversity in table grape vineyards was investigated. Results showed thata total of 11 386 pests belonging to 6 orders and 41 families were captured for leguminous green manure hairy vetch intercropped in table vineyards, Mycetopteridae, Phoridae and Anthomyiidae in Diptera were the dominant pests, accounting for 32.72%, 20.97% and 16.85%, respectively. A total of 7 731 natural enemies belonging to 5 orders and 25 families were captured for leguminous green manure hairy vetch intercropped in table vineyards, Dolichopodidae and Syrphidae in Diptera were the dominant natural enemies, accounting for 35.95% and 24.74%, respectively. A total of 27 930 pests belonging to 6 orders and 44 families were captured for clear-ploughed cropping method, Mycetopteridae, Phoridae and Anthomyiidae in Diptera were the dominant pests, accounting for 48.67%, 14.33% and 11.00%, respectively. A total of 4 077 natural enemies belonging to 5 orders and 24 families were captured for clear-ploughed cropping method in table vineyards, Dolichopodidae and Syrphidae in Diptera and Ichneumonidae in Hymenoptera were the dominant natural enemies, accounting for 39.98%, 15.11% and 15.08%, respectively. Compared with clear-ploughed cropping method, the number of pests decreased by 59.23% and the number of natural enemies increased by 89.62% for leguminous green manure hairy vetch intercropped in table vineyards. The diversity index analysis showed that the insect diversity index (H'), evenness index(J') and dominance index(C) for leguminous green manure hairy vetch intercropped in table vineyardwere significantly higher than those for clear-ploughed cropping method, and the diversity index of natural enemies(H') and evenness index(J') for leguminous green manure hairy vetch intercropped in table vineyard were also significantly higher than those for clear-ploughed cropping method. The results showed that leguminous green manure hairy vetch intercropped in table vineyard could increase the diversities of natural enemies and enhance natural service function in table vineyard ecosystem.

S433；S663.1

国家绿肥产业技术体系旱地绿肥病虫草害综合防控(CARS-22-G20)；甘肃省科技厅重点研发计划(24YFNA002)。