通过研究覆膜垄作对土壤养分含量及马铃薯的影响，为土壤培肥和提高肥料利用率机制，改进和提升旱地集雨耕作技术，促进马铃薯优质高产提供依据。以传统中耕壅土耕作为对照，设置全膜双垄耕作(FRF)、春膜垄上微沟集雨耕作(SRF)、秋膜垄上微沟集雨耕作(ARF)处理对土壤有效成分、马铃薯产量及氮磷钾肥料利用率的影响。结果表明，与传统中耕壅土耕作相比，秋膜垄上微沟集雨耕作、春膜垄上微沟集雨耕作和全膜双垄耕作0~60 cm土层氮磷钾及其有效成分含量均显著提高。秋膜垄上微沟集雨耕作马铃薯3 a平均产量最高，为48 210.9 kg/hm2，明显高于传统中耕壅土耕作。覆膜垄作显著提高了马铃薯的氮磷钾肥偏生产力，且均以秋膜垄作最高，与中耕壅土耕作相比较，氮肥、磷肥、钾肥偏生产力3 a平均增加率分别为48.1%、43.2%、27.7%；肥料农学效率在不同年型均以秋膜垄作处理最高，各覆膜垄作处理3 a平均农学效率均表现为磷肥>钾肥>氮肥。综合来看，秋膜垄上微沟集雨耕作改良土壤、提高肥料利用率和马铃薯产量的优势明显，是首选的旱地马铃薯高产高效种植技术之一。

This study investigated the effect of magnesium on the potato yield so as to provide a basis for the scientific application of magnesium fertilizer in potato production. Using two potato varieties, Zhuangshu 3 and Qingshu 10, 4 treatments were established: foliar spraying of magnesium sulfate at 1.05, 1.50, and 1.95 kg/ha, and an equal amount of water as control. Effects of these treatments on plant height, marketable tuber ratio, and yield were analyzed. Results showed that foliar application of magnesium sulfate significantly promoted plant height and improved both yield and the proportion of marketable tubers. The 1.50 kg/ha treatment showed the highest values in both Zhuanglang and Weiyuan experimental sites, with yields of 28 667.17 kg/ha and 57 223.39 kg/ha, representing yield increases of 6.7% and 5.5% over the water control, respectively. The marketable tuber ratios were 84.3% and 76.9%, respectively, which were 9.4 and 9.2 percentage points higher than the control. Therefore, foliar application of 1.50 kg/ha magnesium sulfate is more favorable for increasing plant height, marketable tuber rate, and yield of potatoes in Zhuanglang and Weiyuan Counties, and is recommended for promotion in potato production.

S532

甘肃省科技计划项目(25CXNA046)；陇原青年创新创业人才项目(2023LQGR51)；国家马铃薯标准化区域服务与推广平台(甘肃)构建与应用项目(NBFW-17-2019)。