为明确胡麻品种对磷肥梯度的响应，完善胡麻平衡施肥技术，以胡麻品种轮选2号和定亚22号为指示品种，在定西旱地梯田研究了不同磷肥水平(P2O5为0、45、90、135 kg/hm2)对胡麻不同品种各器官干物质积累、籽粒产量以及磷肥农学利用率的影响。结果表明，在现蕾期，轮选2号施P2O5 135 kg/hm2时茎、叶和蕾的干物质积累量均较高；而定亚22号施P2O5 45 kg/hm2时蕾的干物质积累量较高，但茎、叶的干物质积累量较低。在盛花期，轮选2号的中磷处理(施P2O5 90 kg/hm2)、定亚22号的高磷处理(施P2O5 135 kg/hm2)和低磷处理(施P2O5 45 kg/hm2)均具有显著提高胡麻各器官干物质积累量的优势。成熟期，轮选2号施P2O5 90 kg/hm2时有利于茎干物质量的积累，施磷水平对胡麻成熟期叶片干物质积累量影响不显著，高磷处理(施P2O5 135 kg/hm2)抑制了胡麻蒴果干物质的积累。高磷处理和中磷处理对轮选2号和定亚22号的茎干物质转运量均具有促进作用，不施磷处理不利于茎干物质转运。定亚22号施P2O5 45 kg/hm2时，茎秆磷含量在盛花期增加，而在成熟期降低，从而增加了茎秆的磷素转运量，显著提高了磷肥利用率，使胡麻籽粒产量提高。综合考虑干物质积累量、籽粒产量、磷肥农学利用率及环境污染等因素，适宜当地种植的胡麻品种为定亚22号，施磷(P2O5)量以45 kg/hm2为宜。

In order to clarify the response of flax cultivars to the gradient of phosphate fertilizer and perfect the balanced fertilization technology. Lunxuan 2 and Dingya 22 were used as test cultivars to study the dry matter accumulation in different organs under different phosphate fertilizer levels (P2O5 0 kg/hm2， 45 kg/hm2， 90 kg/hm2， 135 kg/hm2) on dry matter accumulation， grain yield and agronomic utilization rate of different cultivars of flax were studied in the terra. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of stem， leaf and bud was higher when the phosphorus application amount is P2O5 135 kg /hm2 at the budding stage， while that of bud was higher when the phosphorus application amount is P2O5 45 kg/hm2， but the dry matter accumulation of stem and leaf was lower. At the full flowering stage， the treatments of medium phosphorus(P2O5 90 kg/hm2)， high phosphorus P2O5 135 kg/hm2 and low phosphorus(P2O5 45 kg/hm2) have the advantage of significantly increasing the dry matter accumulation in various organs of flax. In mature stage， it is beneficial to the accumulation of stem dry matter. Phosphorus has no significant effect on the accumulation of leaf dry matter when P2O5 was 90 kg/hm2. High phosphorus treatment(P2O5 135 kg/hm2) inhibits the accumulation of flax capsule dry matter. The treatments of high phosphorus and medium phosphorus promoted the dry matter transportation of the two cultivars and the without phosphorus treatment was not conducive to dry matter transportation. When P2O5 45 kg/hm2 was applied to Dingya 22， the phosphorus content in flax stems at full flowering stage， but decreased at mature stage thus increasing phosphorus transport in the stems， the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer was significantly improved， and the grain yield was increased. Considering factors such as dry matter accumulation， grain yield，agronomy utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer and environmental pollution， the flax cultivar suitable for local cultivation is Dingya 22， and the phosphorus(P2O5) application amount is 45 kg/hm2.

S562.3；S147.2

国家特色油料产业技术体系(CARS-14-2-25)；现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-1-16)。