在甘肃东部旱作区选择不同熟期3个大豆品种进行播期试验，对大豆生长发育时期、田间农艺性状、产量及水分利用效率进行综合分析表明，随播期的推迟，大豆生育期逐渐缩短，从早熟品种到晚熟品种生育期缩短表现出明显增加趋势，播期推迟10 d，生育期缩短5～8 d；播期推迟，大豆植株高度逐渐增加，主茎节数依次减少，百粒重逐渐下降；早熟品种中黄30适宜播期为5月20日，中熟品种晋豆23为5月10日，晚熟品种冀豆12为4月30日，适期播种能够显著提高大豆单株荚数、荚粒数、单株粒数等经济性状，有利于产量和水分利用效率的提高。

Three soybean cultivars of different maturity periods were selected for the sowing date test in dry farming area of Eastern Gansu Province. The comprehensive analysis of soybean growth and development period， field agronomic traits， yield and water use efficiency showed that with the delay of sowing date， the growth period of soybean gradually shortened. The shortening of growth period from early-maturing cultivars to late-maturing cultivars showed an obvious increasing trend. When the sowing date was delayed by 10 days， and the growth period shortened by 5～8 days. With the sowing date delayed， the height of soybean plant increased gradually， the number of main stem nodes decreased in turn， and the 100-grain weight decreased gradually. The suitable sowing date for early-maturing cultivar Zhonghuang 30 was May 20， for middle-maturing cultivar Jindou 23 was May 10， and for late-maturing cultivar Jidou 12 was April 30. The economic characters of pod number per plant， pod number and grain number per plant could be significantly increased by proper sowing， which was beneficial to the improvement of yield and water use efficiency.

S529

甘肃省特色作物产业技术体系；甘肃省农业科学院科技支撑计划(2017GAAS47)。